His own novel was finally published in 1934 as Tender Is the Night. F. Scott Fitzgerald: Great American Writer DRAFT. [110] His failure in Hollywood pushed him to return to drinking, imbibing nearly 40 beers a day in 1939. F. Scott Fitzgerald. $ [133] In 1960, New York Times editorialist Arthur Mizener declared that it was "probably safe now to say that it is a classic of twentieth-century American fiction. [72] It would take many decades for the novel to gain its present acclaim and popularity. [69] The New York World ran a headline declaring "Fitzgerald's Latest A Dud". [69], While Fitzgerald had been writing The Great Gatsby, Zelda had become infatuated with a young French aviator, Edouard S. Later in life he told Zelda's biographer Milford that any infidelity was imaginary: "They both had a need of drama, they made it up and perhaps they were the victims of their own unsettled and a little unhealthy imagination. In the 1950s, Wilson, who had attended Princeton with Fitzgerald, noted that Fitzgerald had taken on "the aspect of a martyr, a sacrificial victim, a semi-divine personage. Corrections? or. Posthumously, his career was inevitably written in the history of American literature after the success of his Jazz Age-inspired novel, The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald is famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), especially in his novel The Great Gatsby. His short story, "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button," was the basis for a 2008 film. See more ideas about scott fitzgerald, quotes, fitzgerald quotes. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Francis Scott Fitzgerald (born September 24, 1896, died December 21, 1940), known professionally as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was an American novelist and short story writer, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age. "[114], On the night of December 20, 1940, Fitzgerald and Graham attended the premiere of This Thing Called Love starring Rosalind Russell and Melvyn Douglas. [45] His revised novel was accepted by Scribner's in the fall of 1919 and was published on March 26, 1920 and became an instant success, selling 41,075 copies in the first year. Edit. F. Scott Fitzgerald Amerikaans schrijver 1896-1940-+ 0 De rijken worden rijker en de armen krijgen - kinderen. Shortly after their arrival in France, Fitzgerald completed his most brilliant novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). Fitzgerald himself wrote that "I wanted to stop the show and say it was all a mistake but the actors struggled heroically on." Intimate Lies. [91] Hemingway and others have argued that such overly harsh criticism stemmed from superficial readings of the material and from Depression-era America's reaction to Fitzgerald's status as a symbol of Jazz Age excess. [18] In a rather unconventional style of parenting, Fitzgerald attended Holy Angels with the arrangement that he go for only half a day—and was allowed to choose which half. Scott and Zelda had a tumultuous relationship, characterized by excessive drinking, partying, and fighting. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic American novel of the Roaring Twenties is beloved by generations of readers and stands as his crowning work. [71] His final royalty check was for only $13.13, all of which was from Fitzgerald buying his own books. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. [67][68][64] Fitzgerald had been planning the novel since 1923, when he told his publisher Maxwell Perkins of his plans "to write something new - something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota, to parents Edward and Mary (“Mollie”) McQuillan Fitzgerald. [35] He later referred to this period of decline in his life as "The Crack-Up" in the short story. [96] On occasions that Fitzgerald failed his attempt at sobriety, he would tell others, "I'm F. Scott Fitzgerald. Hij behoorde tot de Lost Generation, een groep schrijvers waartoe ook Hemingway behoorde, en wordt beschouwd als één van Amerika’s beste schrijvers van de twintigste eeuw. [105] Zelda's institutionalization further deteriorated what was left of their marriage. [148][149][150] In 1976, The Last Tycoon was adapted into a film starring Robert de Niro. He became a prominent figure in the literary life of the university and made lifelong friendships with Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. [55] This collection's title would lend itself to the eponymous time period. He was best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term which he popularized. To maintain his lifestyle during this time, he also wrote several stories for magazines. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1984, Reader's companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night. This sudden prosperity made it possible for him and Zelda to play the roles they were so beautifully equipped for, and Ring Lardner called them the prince and princess of their generation. [73] She spent afternoons swimming at the beach and evenings dancing at the casinos with Jozan. Although he temporarily achieved popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald only received wide critical and popular acclaim after his death. His private life, with his wife, Zelda, in both America and France, became almost as celebrated as his novels. He was 44 years old. Häntä pidettiin omana aikanaan ”kadotetun sukupolven äänenä”, niiden nuorten jotka aikuistuivat ensimmäisen maailmansodan aikana. [135] It was later adopted into a Broadway play starring Jason Robards. [128] Well after his death, Scribners still had many unsold editions of The Great Gatsby from its first printing. Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan". [163] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the society organized a mass online reading of This Side of Paradise to mark its centenary. During his lifetime, he published four novels, four collections of short stories, and 164 short stories. Scribner's prepared an initial print run of 20,000 copies, and mounted an advertising campaign. 0% average accuracy. For example, in 1929 Fitzgerald only received royalties of $5.10 from the American edition and just $0.34 from the English edition. [9][10][11], Fitzgerald spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo, New York, where his father worked for Procter & Gamble,[13] with a short interlude in Syracuse, (between January 1901 and September 1903). Nicola Manuppelli. Jozan. Notably, Fitzgerald shares a birthplace with two of his most famous fictional characters: Amory Blaine of This Side of Paradise (1920) and Nick Carraway of The Great Gatsby (1925). F. Scott Fitzgerald Quote: “To be kind is more important than to be right. [81] The episode propelled Fitzgerald to write in his notebook, "That September 1924, I knew something had happened that could never be repaired. [44] Fitzgerald was so short of money that he took up a job repairing car roofs. [79] She later threw herself down a flight of marble stairs at a party because Fitzgerald, engrossed in talking to Isadora Duncan, was ignoring her. April 5 – 462 Notes. Life. Miután férjének bútorgyártási tervei St. Paulban csődöt mondtak, Edward Fitzgerald ügynöki állást vállalt Buffalóban ( New York állam) egy fogyasztási cikkeket áruló nagyvállalatnál. Fitzgerald was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott Fitzgerald,[4] one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. A New Directions Book, edited by Edmund Wilson. [100] The article is considered to have caused considerable damage to Fitzgerald's reputation and his mental state, allegedly pushing him to attempt suicide after reading it. [35] They began a courtship, but were briefly interrupted in October when he was summoned north. The actor replied that he was, at which the pair of writers declared that they were leaving for the nearest bar. Fitzgerald conveyed in The Great Gatsby the sense of hope America promised to its youth and the disappointment its youth felt when America failed to deliver. Fitzgerald followed with The Beautiful and the Damned in 1922, The Great Gatsby in 1925 and Tender is the Night in 1934. Francis Scott Fitzgerald was born in 1896 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and educated at Princeton. 0. [26] However, he never destroyed the letters that King had sent him. To escape the life that they feared might bring them to this end, the Fitzgeralds (together with their daughter, Frances, called “Scottie,” born in 1921) moved in 1924 to the Riviera, where they found themselves a part of a group of American expatriates whose style was largely set by Gerald and Sara Murphy; Fitzgerald described this society in his last completed novel, Tender Is the Night, and modeled its hero on Gerald Murphy. [153], Beyond his own characters, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in dozens of books, plays, and films. Fitzgerald at first demanded to confront Jozan, but instead dealt with Zelda's request by locking her in their house, until she abandoned her request for divorce. [36][37] Together again, they embarked on what he would later call "sexual recklessness," and by December, they were inseparable. He also had an intensely romantic imagination, what he once called “a heightened sensitivity to the promises of life,” and he charged into experience determined to realize those promises. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American novelist and short story writer, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [155] Fitzgerald is of international appeal, as even the Japanese Takarazuka Revue has created a musical adaptation of Fitzgerald's life. Anyja, Mary (Molly) McQuillan, egy St. Paul, Minnesota állambeli gazdag fűszerkereskedő lánya volt. The few who were familiar saw Fitzgerald as an alcoholic, the embodiment of Jazz Age decadence. Hemingway did not get on well with Zelda, however, and in addition to describing her as "insane" in his memoir A Moveable Feast,[75] Hemingway claimed that Zelda "encouraged her husband to drink so as to distract Fitzgerald from his work on his novel",[76] so he could work on the short stories he sold to magazines to help support their lifestyle. With its failure and his despair over Zelda, Fitzgerald was close to becoming an incurable alcoholic. Fitzgerald was the main inspiration for Budd Schulberg's novel The Disenchanted (1950), which followed a screenplay writer in Hollywood working with a drunk and flawed novelist. After a long struggle with alcoholism, he died in 1940, at the age of 44. David Hoflin and Christina Ricci portray the Fitzgerald's in Amazon Prime's 2015 television series Z: The Beginning of Everything. [15][16] His parents, both Catholic, sent him to two Catholic schools on the West Side of Buffalo, first Holy Angels Convent (1903–1904, now disused) and then Nardin Academy (1905–1908). It tells of his personal relationships as his health declined with various doctors, personal assistants, and a Hollywood actress who is his lover. He soon met and began an affair with the 17 year-old starlet Lois Moran. During that winter, he was stationed at Fort Leavenworth, under the command of future United States President and General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower, whom he intensely disliked. [25] King and Fitzgerald had a romantic relationship from 1915 to 1917. Jealous of the attention Fitzgerald gave Moran, Zelda burned her own clothing in a self destructive act. This new audio edition, authorized by the Fitzgerald estate, is narrated by Oscar-nominated actor Jake Gyllenhaal (Brokeback Mountain). The career of its hero, Monroe Stahr, is based on that of the producer Irving Thalberg. "[77] Others have suggested that the writer's hemorrhage was caused by bleeding from esophageal varices. [158] Guy Pearce and Vanessa Kirby portray the couple in Genius (2016). [156] The last years of Fitzgerald and his affair with Sheilah Graham, was the theme of the movie Beloved Infidel (1959) based on Graham's 1958 memoir by the same name. By 1937, however, he had come back far enough to become a scriptwriter in Hollywood, and there he met and fell in love with Sheilah Graham, a famous Hollywood gossip columnist. leahcrigamire liked this . 12 minutes ago. He had not yet completed his fifth novel, The Last Tycoon. [26] Immediately infatuated with her, according to Mizner, Fitzgerald "remained devoted to Ginevra as long as she would allow him to", and wrote to her "daily the incoherent, expressive letters all young lovers write". (Occasionally he went east to visit Zelda or his daughter Scottie, who entered Vassar College in 1938.) It sold well enough to warrant additional print runs reaching 50,000 copies. Boeken van F. Scott Fitzgerald koop je eenvoudig online bij bol.com Snel in huis Veelal gratis verzonden [117][118][119] His body was transported to Bethesda, Maryland, where his funeral was attended by only thirty people; among the attendees were his only child, Scottie Fitzgerald,[note 4] and his editor, Maxwell Perkins. [106], Although he reportedly found movie work degrading, Fitzgerald entered into a lucrative exclusive deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1937 that necessitated his moving to Hollywood, where he earned his highest annual income up to that point: $29,757.87 (equivalent to $529,235 in 2019). By 1945, over 123,000 copies of The Great Gatsby had been distributed among American troops. [28] Her father reportedly warned Fitzgerald that "Poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls. This "whoring", as Fitzgerald and Hemingway called these sales,[77] was a sore point in the two authors' friendship. [52][53] Chapters of the book were serialized in Metropolitan Magazine in late 1921, and in March 1922, the book was published. Zelda's first major nervous breakdown, in 1930, and her following treatment in a Swiss clinic became the basis for Fitzgerald's next novel, Tender Is … Through the 1930s they fought to save their life together, and, when the battle was lost, Fitzgerald said, “I left my capacity for hoping on the little roads that led to Zelda’s sanitarium.” He did not finish his next novel, Tender Is the Night, until 1934. imadeit-isurvived liked this . [76], In A Moveable Feast, Hemingway claimed that Zelda taunted Fitzgerald over the size of his penis. "[95][96], However, Fitzgerald began to feel the effects of the Depression himself. At one time he understood it no more than the butterfly did and he did not know when it was brushed or marred. [22], While attending Princeton, Fitzgerald met Chicago socialite and debutante Ginevra King. In addition to the first four novels, there were four volumes of short stories, Flappers and Philosophers (1920), Tales of the Jazz Age (1922), All the Sad Young Men (1926), and Taps at Reveille (1935); and one play, The Vegetable: Or, From President to Postman (1923). In 1933, Matthew Josephson scolded Fitzgerald: "There are ever so many Americans, we recall, who can't be drinking champagne from morning to night, can't ever go to Princeton or Montpar-nasse or even Greenwich Village for their finishing process. [64] In a letter, Zelda claimed that the audience were “so obviously bored” and that some even walked out during the second act. [134], The popular resurgence of The Great Gatsby also led to greater admiration and appreciation for Fitzgerald himself. [157] Others include the TV movies Zelda (1993, with Timothy Hutton), F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (1976, with Jason Miller), and F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles' (1974, with Richard Chamberlain). Originally based on the idea that the pursuit of happiness involves not only material success, but moral and spiritual growth, the dream had, by Fitzgerald's time, become increasingly focused on money and pleasure - a phenomenon with which the high-living writer was all too familiar. – F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Love of the Last Tycoon. [102] Nearly bankrupt, Fitzgerald spent most of 1936 and 1937 living in various hotels near Asheville. Robert Westbrook. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars.' In October 1939 he began a novel about Hollywood, The Last Tycoon. Sign Up. [57] Zelda once jumped into the fountain at Union Square.